Strength

Strength is a stat that determines your damage when attacking.

It's sometimes referred to as "str" or "damage", although strength and damage are different.

Strength can presumably be increased to the 32-bit integer limit (2,147,483,647). If one were to hypothetically increase their strength by 1 beyond this point, it would become -2,147,483,647 and increasing it further would count upwards. This is only possible via the Alpha Sword.

Damage
Damage is a value closely related to Strength, as your Strength is simply your base damage. Damage can be increased by increasing Strength or using Blast. The maximum possible damage is 2,147,483,647. Attempting to go beyond this point will make the damage negative. It is currently unknown what negative damage does.